• World Trust – Social Impact through Film and Dialogue

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• American Chattel Slavery (1619-1865); Encyclopedia of Slavery –

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• Post-slavery (1865-1965); Southern Lynchings—4,730 incidents of vigilante “justice” in the form of lynching

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• Convict Miners Cemetery—”Chain gang” convicts forced to work until they died

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• Current Effects of Psychic Injury (1965-Present); Racial Disparity in Imprisonment Rates

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• Bias Isn't Just A Police Problem, It's A Preschool Problem
  A new study out of Yale found that pre-K teachers, white and black alike, spend more time watching black boys, expecting trouble. LA Johnson/NPR

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• Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites
  Survey of 222 white medical students and residents published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed that half of them endorsed at least one myth about physiological differences between black people and white people, including that black people’s nerve endings are less sensitive than white people’s. When asked to imagine how much pain white or black patients experienced in hypothetical situations, the medical students and residents insisted that black people felt less pain. This made the providers less likely to recommend appropriate treatment.

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• Myths About physical racial differences were used to justify slavery – and are still believed by doctors today.

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• Race Relations Through a Child’s Eyes: CNN Anderson Cooper

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RECOMMENDED DR. JOY ARTICLES

• Reparations & Healthcare for African Americans: Repairing the Damage from the Legacy of Slavery

• Breaking the Chains – Interview with Essence Magazine

• Self Enhancement (SEI) Standards – Dr. Joy DeGruy

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 SUGGESTED FILMS/DVD’s

• (In) visible Portraits

• People of color discuss the impact of 'colorism'

  Think Out Loud (OPB) Audio  --  “Why I Rock Conference” 2019 

• 13th Ava Duvernay Documentary (2016)

• CNN: Through a Child’s Eyes: 2012

• Unnatural Causes (PBS) Documentary, California Newsreel (2008)

• Mirrors of Privilege: Making Whiteness Visible (Shakti Butler) (2006)

• Cracking the Codes (Shakti Butler) (2013)

• Birth of a Nation (D. W. Griffith) (1915)

• A Girl like Me (Kiri Davis) (2005)

• Dark Girls (Bill Duke, D. Channsin Berry) (2012)

• The Question Bridge (Kamal Sinclair) (2012)

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RECOMMENDED READINGS

•  Akbar, N. (1990). Chains and Images of Psychological Slavery. New Jersey: New Mind Productions.

• Allen, J., Als, H., J. Lewis, & L. F. Litwack. (2000). Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America. New Mexico: Twin Palms Publishers.

• Alexander, M. (2010). The new jim crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York, NY: The New Press.

• Asante, M. K., & K. W. Asante. (1985). African Culture: The Rhythms of Unity. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.

• Bell, C. C., (2018). Fetal alcohol exposure in the African American community. Chicago, Ill. Third World Press.

• Benjamin, R., (2019). Race after technology, Medford MA: Polity Press

• Butterfield, F. (1995). All God’s Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence. New York: Avon Books

• Byrd, A. D., L. L. Tharps, (2001). Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America. New York: St: Martin’s Press.

• Cole, D. (1999). No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System. New York: The New Press.

• DeGruy, J. A. (2009) Post traumatic slave syndrome: America’s legacy of enduring injury and healing: The study guide. Portland Or. JDP publisher.

• DeGruy, J. A. (2005) Post traumatic slave syndrome: America’s legacy of enduring injury and healing. Portland Or. JDP publisher.

• Francis, R. C. (2011). Epigenetics: How environment shapes our genes. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

• Francis, R. C. (2011). The ultimate mystery of inheritance: Epigenetics. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

• Genovese, E. D. (1976). Roll Jordan Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Vintage Books.

• Ginzburg, R. (1988). 100 Years of lynching. Baltimore, MD: Black Classic Press.

• Gilligan, J. (1997).  Reflections on a national epidemic, Violence. New York: Random House, Inc.

• Grier, W. H., & P. M. Cobbs. (1969). Black Rage. New York: Bantam Books. 

• Gutman, H. G. (1976). The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom 1750-1925.

  New York: Vintage Books.

• Hacker, A. (1992). Two Nations: Black and white, separate, hostile, unequal. New York, NY: Macmillan publishing Company.

• Kalayjian, A. & Eugene, D. (2010). Mass trauma and emotional healing around the world[2 volumes]: Rituals and practices for resilience and meaning-making. Santa Barbara, CA:Praeger, ABC CLIO.

• Mazrui, A. A. (1986). The African: A Triple Heritage. Boston: Little, Brown and

  Company.

• Mbiti, J. (1970). African Religions and Philosophy. New York: Doubleday.

• McGilchrist, I. (2009). The master and his emissary: The divided brain and the making of the western world. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.

• Mclagen, E. (1980). A peculiar paradise: A history of blacks in Oregon 1788-1940

  Portland, Or, Georgian Press.

• Metzl, J. M. (2019). Dying of whiteness. New York, NY: Basic Books.

• Morris, T. (1996). Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619-1860. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press

• Muhmmad, K. G. (2010) The condemnation of blackness: Race, crime and the making of modern urban America. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press .

• Osofsky, G. (1969). Puttin’on Ole Massa. New York: Harper Torch Books.

• Painter, N. I. (2010). The history of white people. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company

• Pinderhughes, E. (1989). Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Power. New York:The Free Press.

• Roberts, D. (1999). Killing the Black Body. New York: Vintage Books.

• Robinson, R. (2004). Quitting America: The Departure of a Black Man From His Native Land. New York: Dutton.

• Robinson, R. (2000). The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks. New York:

  Penguin.

• Somé, S. (1997) The spirit of intimacy ancient African teachings in the ways of relationships. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers Inc.

• Smith, D. L. (2011). Less than human: Why we demean, enslave, and exterminate others. St. Martin’s Press

• Stamper, N. (2005). Breaking rank. New York: NY Avalon Press.

• Tatum, B. D. (1997). Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? New York: Basic Books.

• Van Sertima, I. (1976) The African Presence in Ancient America: They Came Before Columbus. Random House, NY.

• West, C. (1993). Race Matters. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Williams, J. (1998). 

• Wilkins, I. (2011) The warmth of other suns. New York: NY Random House Books.

• Winbush, R. A. (2001). Should America pay? New York, Harper Collins Books.

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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• American Psychiatric Association  http://www.psych.org/

• Anxiety Disorders Assoc. of America, Inc. http://www.adaa.org/

• Int’l Society for Traumatic Stress Studies  http://www.istss.org/

• National Institute of Mental Health Public Inquiries http://www.nimh.nih.gov/

• Portland Opportunities Industrialization Center http://www.portlandoic.org/